Pools and side channels provide sheltered areas for aquatic wildlife
(spawning, hiding, migratory resting areas, etc.). Overhanging trees and
riparian vegetation provide habitat and protection for terrestrial
wildlife and water temperature control for aquatic life. Well vegetated
riparian areas can also provide bank stabilization properties, pollutant
filtration, and a source of large woody debris.
Benefits
Streams perform a variety of beneficial functions, including:
- Fish and wildlife habitat
- Flood and storm water control
- Groundwater recharge
- Fish and wildlife migration corridors
- Recreation, education, scientific study, and aesthetic values
Management Concerns
Development can degrade a stream’s wildlife habitat and water quality, undermining its values and functions by:
- Increasing stormwater runoff and flooding frequency
- Contributing increased levels of sediment, nutrients and pollutants
- Increasing stream turbidity which can reduce the light and oxygen necessary for plant and animal life
-
Increasing the volume and velocity of stream flows which can scour
stream beds and decrease stream habitat function and diversity
- Removing vegetation along stream banks
- Warming stream temperatures
- Disconnecting the stream from its floodplain and associated wetlands